Concrete pile and means for and method of producing same



July 15, 1924. 1,501,643

M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL CONCRETE PILE AND MEANS FOR AND METHOD OF PRODUCING. SAME Filed Jan. 2, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet l July 15, 1924. 1,501,643

M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL l CONCRETE PILE AND MEANS FOR AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME Filed Jan. 2, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July l5, ltl,

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CGNCRETE PLE AND ETECJD referenciar@ s Apploatlon @Ieri Jennery 2?, le20. Serial @ot-@,@Z-fl.

To @ZZ who/m it may cova/cern:

Be it known that we, Mannion BLUMEN- THAL and Fanrrss'r Grimoire GARDNER, both residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Concrete lPiles and Means -for and Methods of Producing Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to new and iinproved concrete piles and means for and method of producing the same.

An object e the invention is to provide means whereby concrete piles may be pro duced within the earth of such character as to have an' unusually powerful. grip upon the earth restrainin Y the pile from sinking below its appointed position in the earth.

A furthermore detailed object is to provide means whereby lateral extending-portions may be formed integral 'with the pile :it desiredpoints upon the pile beneath the surface of the earth. i

A further object is to provide a new and improved pile.

A further object is to provide a new and improved method for sinking such piles.

Other objects'and aims of the invention, more or less specific than those referred to above, will be in part obvious and in part pointed out in the course of the following description of the elements, combination,

arrangements of parts and applications of principles, constituting the invention; and the scope of protection contemplated will be indicated in the appended claims.

ln the accompanying drawings which are to be taken as a part of' this specification, and in which we have shown merely a preferred form of embodiment of the invention r- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional View thru a pile shell showing the same sunk into the earth and filled with concrete materialv and also showing the presence of deliectors, etc., as will be presently fully described.

Figure 2 is a similar sectional view showing the completed pile after the shell has been removed.'

Figure 3 is a transversev sectional view taken substanitally upon the plane of line III of Fig. l.

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional View lafford material taken substantially upon the plane of line ,W

lV or rig. 2, and

l# igure 5 mcludes a series of diagrammatic views graphically illustrating the succeeding steps occurring during the formation of the completed pile of this inthe shellinto the earth during the driving,

operation. 'lhe shell may be made of the usual constant diameter or it may be tapered longitudinally as suggested in endingA application of Ernest G. Gardner, erial No. 542,636, filed Dec. 5, 1919, so that its interior diameter is greater at the lower end than at the upper end. I Such a` ta' ered shell has material advantages over t e non-tapered shell, as fully set forth in said pending application, and is, therefore, illustrated herein in F ig. l, altho, of course, the nontapered shell may be employed if desired without altering the features of the present invention.

Within the shell may be employed a liner, as 1, if desired, of the general character such as is fully illustrated and described in coending application Serial No. 354,368, filed ganuary 27, 1920. Altho such a liner may points of advantage durlng the formation o the pile of this invention,

yet it will be understood that the inventionl is not to be limited in allrespects to the use of a liner of the character, or in fact to the use of any liner whatever.

The concrete material, asl H, may be placed within the shell to ether with certain deiectors 2 and 3 present to be described, either before or after the shell is driven into the earth.

Where a liner is emplo ed the concrete and said delectors are p aced within the liner so that the liner serves to hold the concrete material out of direct contact with lill :leonesa is;

2 as described before with reference to the dede'ctor 6, all as seen in diagram E.. The downward movement in this instance will cause the body of concrete material 14 between the lower end or Vthe shell and the upper surface of the dedector 2, as seen in diavram D, to spread outwardly over the surlace or the dedector 2 and 'to thereby produce a mushroom-like extension 15 adjacent the delector 2 similar to the entension 11.

After the extension 15 has been formed the shell may be lifted above the dedector 3, filled with a further addition of concrete material, as 16, at its upper end and a iurther deilector 17, and then again driven for producing an extension 18. The shell may then be lifted above the dedector il, filled at its upper end with concrete material, as at 19, and-a further dedector 20, and it may then be driven to produce an extension 21.

Any number of extensions may be produced upon the pile in this manner and each of them he of substantially the saine heavily compressed material as was the rst or lowermost extension. Cihe shell itselru is at all times kept filled with concrete material which has been heavily compacted under agitation and vibration and having the necessary dedectors therein all in proper position.

After a pile has been completed, as seen in diagramql, the shell above it stands full of this concrete material and only needs to be supplied with a driving point G, as seen in diagraml, to malte it ready for immediate sinking into the earth as in diagram A.

A continuous operation is thus provided for which renders it possible to rapidly drive a series o' piles with great etiiciency. The operation is of such character that all of the workmen for performing it, as well as all the paraphernalia required, are continually engaged. 'lhere is no appreciable period of idleness 1for the shell drivers for instance while the fillers are at work and likewise there is no appreciable period of idleness for the concrete mixers and the shell fillers while the pile driving machine is at work. A single shell filled as in diagram K, may be driven into the earth as in diagram A. lt ma be gradually raised and kept filled until tie pile is completed, as shown in diagrams B to J, and it may then again be immediately driven most proper in an immediately adjoining position.

This continuous employment of a working gang is a matter of very considerable importance.

The delectors are all preferably hollow, in tact they are mere shells, and they are open at their upper and lower ends, as at 22 and 23, so that the concrete material may readily flow thereintc and dll them to thus provide a suitably strong and edicient bond bursting strains.

with the driving point G it is preferablyorined of slightly greater height than the remaining delectors so that it will serve to f suitably direct the concrete material over the marginal bead 24 of the driving point. rlhis feature, however, is merely a detail and may be modied in accordance with the type of driving point employed.

Any appropriate and satisfactory means may be employed for facilitating the attachment of the driving point G to the lower endof the filled shell after the shell has heen raised, as in diagram J. For illus trative purposes, however, a simple plate, as 25,`is shown as having beenslid into position just beneath the dellector 13 for sup` f porting the defiector and the concrete material above it while the driving point is being attached.

Such a plate may lbe allowed to remain after the driving point is attached, it desired, as seen in Fig. 1.

ln addition to presenting a smooth conical surface for directing the expanding :force of the concrete in the formation of the lateral mushroom-like projections the deflectors within the concrete material serve to a suitable extent for holding together the body of concrete immediately beneath them and thus tends to preventv lateral expansion of the portions, of concrete between the projections. `Biiring the driving operation the relatively broad under portions of the deflectors impart the driving ressure substantially uniformly thruout t e cross sectional area of the concrete column tending to drive the whole column downwardly rather than to spread the column. The frictional grip of the com onent parts of the concrete material against each other is usually suliicient to prevent s readin ci the icc .l

concrete between 4the extension un er this direct pressure..

Furthermore, where the liner 1 is emloyed it serves to greatly strengthen the intermediate portions of the column against The liner is, of course, readily burst thru by the excessive bursting strains present adjacent the upper surtaces of the deiectors, as is clearly seen in Fig. 2.

lt should bel here noted that when' the material of the liner is burst thru by the pressure of the concrete material during the formation. of the mushroom extensions the material of the liner naturally is forced iso ' outwardly along with the concrete material and serves to a greater or less extent to confine the concrete material within more or less definite form; that is, it prevents undesirable migration. of the concrete material into extensive, tho unimportant voids which may be present in the earth. A. suitably'definite contourk of the extensions is in this way assured. i

ln the method herein described no pressure is applied by the driving hammer for driving the concrete material downwardly thru the shell, but on the contrary, the shell and the concrete material therein move as a single body. The back pressure from the concrete material beneath the'lower end oi' the shell ot course causes compression oi the concrete material within the shell and tends to burst the shell but this is of no moment since the shell is, of course, of ample estreno-th to sustain such a strain and is not intended to have any downward movement relative to the concrete within it.

rl`he downward pressure against the pon. tions of the concrete below the lower end of the shell employed for producing the eX- tensions upon. the pile causes the surface of the concrete material. where it presses against the surrounding earth surface to become rough and irregular in accordance with the contour, as well as in accordance with the consistency of various portions ot the earth surface; that is, theportions o't the earth surface which are relatively sott and yielding will permit relative projecting portions to be formed upon the surface of the concrete material, whereas adjacent relatively hard portions ot the earth surface will oiier greater resistance to the pressure of the concrete and will thereby produce relatively indented portions upon the con crete surface. The concrete material and the .earth incidentall will become equally compacted and solic ified so that a very great sustaining power is given to the grip of the concrete upon the earth. Here it should be notedthat the portions of the body of concrete intermediate the lateral projections of said body in their tendency to spread under the pressure from above lihewise produce a very eiective grip upon the earth intermediate the projections in the same'manner as just referred to. At the saine time the Vportions of the earth. intermediate the projections are caused to he greatly com acted and solidified by the pres-- sure exerts thereae'ainst durin the torination of the projections thus en ancing the grip upon the earth of lthe intermediate por-l tions of the ypile between the projections Wiere a liner, as l, is employed the same.

may prevent to a certain .degree the'roughenu ing of the intermediate portons ci the con'- crete between the projections under the pressure from above but it is intended that this neonazis liner be preferably of such consistency, as 'for instance when the liner is made of paper, as to enable the surface of the concrete to follow the contour of the surrounding earth to a suitably eiiicient degree.

rlhe shells employed in connection with this invention may, if desired, be of the sectional type; thatis, they may consist of two or more semi-circular sections connected by seams extending longitudinally. of the pile, so as to facilitate the lifting of the shells. Such shells of course should be furnished with suitable means for maintaining the sections in proper assembled relation during the operation of the process herein set forth. A

`ln the modification Fig. 6, it is seen that if desired an operator may utilize the delectors 6, 2, 3 and l, etc., above described, for producing lateral extensions upon'his pile by employing av ram, as 26, movable within the shell to tamp down small quan-- tities, as 27, of the concrete material for forming the individual projections, as 28v and 29, upon the pile. In this method of use the operator simply places within the shell a suiiicient quantity of concrete to form the projection 28. He then raises the lower end of the shell for a distance equal to the height of the projection 28 and tampa L down, with the ram 26, upon the concrete material within the shell so' as to drive the same outwardly beneath the lower end of the shell to forni the projection 28. He then places within the shell a further quantity of concrete material and upon the upper surface oi this places the cone or deilector 2.

@ver this deflector he places within the -mg to'localize the efforts of the ram so that the position andthe general contour of the projections-is made definite.

As many changes could be made in this construction without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims, it is intended that all Inatter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings, shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense. i

Lt will, of course, be understood that a. liner as above referred to may be employed in connection with the operation set forth regarding Fig. 6, if desired, and that in this instance, asl before, the liner will remain not lifted during the lifting of the shell so that a portion of the liner will project below Cil incassa the lower end ci the shell after the shell is lifted and will confine the concrete material until burst thru by pressure from above.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters ljatent is l. dellector member adapted 'for use in the manner set forth, said deflector member having its upper surface inclining downwardly and outwardly in all directions so as to act as a wedge outwardly over which concrete material may spread, and the deector being hollow and having an opening extending from its interior thru said upper surface so that concrete material may enter and occupy said interior.

2. A deilector member adapted for use in the mann-er set forth, said deliector member having its upper surface inclining downwardly and outwardly in all directions so as to act as a wedge outwardly over which concrete material may spread, and the delector having an opening extending therethru thru which concrete material above the deliector may connect with the concrete material below the deiector.

3. rlhe herein described method ot pro-V ducing within the earth a concrete pile having a portion thereof spread laterally from' the lower end of the shell and produce spreading of the portion of concrete material below the end of the shell.

fl. The herein described method oi producing within the earth a concrete pile haying a plurality of spread portions therein at spaced points in the length of the pile, which method consists in positioning withm the earth a pile shell having a liner therein, lling said liner with, concrete material, lifting said shell a suitable distance without said liner or concrete material, adding a quantityof concrete material within the upper end of the liner, then forcing the shell and the upper 4portion of the liner with the contained concrete material downwardly to a position short of the original position of the shell to thereby burst the portion of the liner then below the end of the shell and produce spreading of the portion of concrete material below the lowerend of the shell, again raising the shell without the liner or the concrete material for a further suitable distance, positioning a second added quantity ci concrete material within the upper end of liner, again forcing the shell and the upper pertion oi the liner with the contained conc c material downwardly to a position sho of position from which it was last d 'to thereby burstthe liner at a point above the irst bursting point and to spread another portion oi the concrete material outwardly beneath the lower end of the shell at a point spaced above the first spread portion, and then repeating this operation for producing as many spread portions spaced vertically above each other along the length ofi' the pile as desired.

5. The herein described method ci producing within the earth a concrete ile having a portion thereof spread latera ly `trom the main body,which method consists in positioning within the earth a pile shell having a liner therein, `iilling said liner with concrete material, liftin the shell a suitabledistance without said liner or concrete material, and then forcing the shellv and the upper portion ol the liner with the contained concrete material downwardly to a position short of the original position oit the shell to thereby burst the portion ot the liner then below the lower end orn the shell and produce spreading oil the portion ci concrete material below the end oia the shell.

6. The herein described method oit producing within the earth concrete piles, which method consists in sinkin within the earth a pile shell, said shell bein lilled with concrete material entirely wit drawing the shell without the concrete material meanwhile adding concrete material within the upper end of the shell to maintain the shell filled, sinkingthe shell while thus iilled again into the earth in a dillerent location, again withdrawing the shell without the concrete material meanwhile adding further concrete material within the upper end of the shell to maintain the shell lled, and repeating this operation as desired.

7. rlhe herein described method of 'f ro ducing within the earth concrete piles naving lateral projections at spaced points in the length thereof, whichI method consists in sinking within the earth a pile shell, said shell being lled with concrete material containing a plurality of deflectors embedded .within the concrete material spaced aart in the length or" the shell, successively itting the shell by relatively long steps and without the concrete material above the respective dedectors, after each lifting step forcing down the shell a relatively short step together with the contained concrete material to near the respective dedectors whereby to spread outwardly into the earth the concrete material adjacent the respective deectors, adding farther dellectors and queiizieies of comerete material Within the upper end of the shell to maintain the shell. filled while the shell is entirely Withdrawn, sinking 1gifle shell While filled again 'mio the earth in e dieient loeeion again entirely withdrawing the shell by successive long and short ste s es described While always maintaining t e shell lled, and repeating this operation as desired.

8. Means for forming concrete piles corro prising a, liner member adapted to be 10o-5V sitioned Within e pile she4 ed openingwitlrin the earh and to contain a body oi' conu @rele ifrieteriel.la seid liner member being bursteble by pressureo the concrete ree-- teral tliereagainsib, and ineens to direct the force of the downward pressure o the loe-fly memes of concrete material leterall against a predetermineol portieri of said liner member to thereby burst said liner and form a lateral projecfaion et a pre-determined locality upon said body of concrete.

In testimony whereof We affix our signaures in the resence of two witnesses.

MAUR CE BLUMENTHAL. ERNEST GILMORE GARDNER. l/Vitnesses as to signature of Maurice A.Blumenthal DAVID HERSHFELD, JANE M. MONAGLE. Witnesses as to signature of Ernest Gilmore Gardner:

L. Gessron HANDY, ll/'sf SoHULz. 

